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The use of two different validated instruments increases the possibility of measuring different dimensions of culture and enabling research on patient safety. Although Estonian is the official language of Estonia, the country also has a significant number of residents who prefer Russian. Therefore, the researchers found it necessary to validate the questionnaires in both languages, and for that reason also, this study focused on simultaneous and bilingual cultural adaptation and validation of the HSOPSC 2.0 and SAQ questionnaires in the Estonian context.
The validation process consisted of translation, cultural adaptation and assessment of validity and internal consistency. Data were collected in three hospitals in 2022 via online and paper surveys, in which both Estonian and Russian-speaking (clinical and non-clinical) staff participated.
A total of 579 (30%) participants from the three hospitals completed both questionnaires. Of them, 293 (51%) were Russian-speaking and 286 (49%) were Estonian-speaking. The results show that the items of both questionnaires are clear and relevant and the questionnaires have good internal consistency and construct validity. Some further modifications are recommended for the Russian version.
With these two thoroughly validated questionnaires, it is possible to conduct comprehensive national research on safety culture in Estonian hospitals. Targeted interventions can also be used to improve the culture and safety of care.
The research was conducted as part of the PATSAFE project, funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 program for research and innovation (grant agreement no. 857359). Dr. Hiske Calsbeek of IQ Health is co-author of this publication.
Asi S, Calsbeek H, Kangasniemi MK, Vähi M, Põlluste K. Patient Safety Culture and Safety Attitudes in the Estonian Context: Simultaneous Bilingual Cultural Adaptation and Validation of Instruments. Int J Public Health. 2024 Sep 4;69:1607392.
doi: 10.3389/ijph.2024.1607392. PMID: 39301139; PMCID:PMC11412080. SSPH+ | Patient Safety Culture and Safety Attitudes in the Estonian Context: Simultaneous Bilingual Cultural Adaptation and Validation of Instruments (ssph-journal.org)