The rise of antimicrobial resistance and the limited number of new antimicrobial agents make the prudent use of these agents more important than ever. The EXPANS method (Exploratory Positioning of Antimicrobials in New Settings) was developed to systematically expand the indications of existing antimicrobial agents. This case study uses ceftaroline, a cephalosporin, as an example.
The EXPANS method consists of three parts:
• A literature review to identify reported experiences.
• An observational study to analyze clinical on- and off-label experiences in a specific context.
• An expert meeting to discuss possible indications and identify barriers to use.
This case study shows that ceftaroline can be a valuable antimicrobial option for certain indications. The EXPANS method offers a structured approach to exploring the untapped potential of antimicrobial agents, contributing to their prudent use, especially in times of increasing resistance.
These insights emerged from research conducted as part of Hester Stoorvogel's completed PhD program (Internal Medicine and IQ Health), with Marlies Hulscher as her supervisor.
Stoorvogel HH, Hulscher MEJL, Kolwijck E, Huis In 't Veld RAG, Zeren A, Schouten JA, Ten Oever J, Wertheim HFL. A mixed methods approach (EXPANS) to assess current and future uses of antimicrobials: a case study of ceftaroline. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2025 Nov 13. doi: 10.1007/s10096-025-05339-7.